Eurasian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF CHRONIC SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF METABOLIC SYNDROME

S.S. Arifov — 2026-01-21

A study was conducted on the clinical manifestations of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss combined with
metabolic syndrome in 107 patients aged 25-67 years (mean age 47.32±9.24 years). Patients with chronic sensorineural
hearing loss against a background of metabolic syndrome exhibited all clinical manifestations characteristic of this type
of hearing loss, among which speech intelligibility impairment was the most pronounced, followed by hearing loss and,
less frequently, tinnitus.

DEVELOPMENT OF CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL METHODS FOR DIAGNOSING DYSBIOSIS AND AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH IN DENTAL TREATMENTS

R.S. Djambilov — 2026-01-21

Relevance. The study analyzes the quantitative and qualitative colonization of oral microorganisms
depending on exogenous and endogenous factors and the variability associated with the design and number of
arti cial dentures. The signi cance of these factors in the formation of oral micro ora—referred to as “dysbiosis”—
among the adult population of Andijan City was evaluated. The microbial “landscape,” including species composition,
colonization degree, and quantitative levels, was determined for healthy adults, and clinical-dental correlations were
established.
Objective: To diagnose dysbiotic conditions of the oral cavity, de ne the normative microbial “landscape,” and justify
the role of arti cial dentures in colonization and microbial balance.
Materials and Methods. The study involved 260 participants (men and women aged 18–60 years): Group I (n=105):
eff For citation:
Djambilov R.S., Gaff orov S.A., Ulugbekova D.R., Sobirov A.A., Gaff orova S.S. Development of clinical and
functional methods for diagnosing dysbiosis and an alternative approach in dental treatment. Eurasian Journal of
Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2025;4(4): 12–18. https://doi.org/10.57231/j.ejohns.2025.4.3.002
individuals with various degrees of oral dysbiosis (61 males [58.09%], 44 females [41.9%]; mean age 44.6 years); Group
II (n=96): individuals with dysbiosis of varying severity and existing dentures (41 males [43.15%], 54 females [56.84%];
mean age 49 years); Group III (n=60): control group of healthy individuals to determine microbiological norms (27
males, 33 females; mean age 37 years).
Clinical-laboratory and anamnestic methods were applied.
Results. In the healthy adult population of Andijan City, the following oral micro ora concentration ranges
were found: Lactobacillus spp. 10³–10⁴, Streptococcus spp. 10⁵–10⁸, Str. pyogenes — absent, Leptotrichia spp.
10²–10⁴, Staphylococcus spp. 10²–10⁴, Candida spp. 10²–10³, conditionally pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae 10–10²,
Corynebacterium spp. <10², Bacteroides spp. <10³, Veillonella spp. 10³–10⁸, Fusobacterium spp. 10³–10⁴, Staph. aureus
— absent, Neisseria spp. 10⁵–10⁷. Dysbiotic conditions were classi ed as: Grade I — reduction in resident micro ora;
Grade II — alteration of resident and conditionally pathogenic micro ora composition; Grade III — overgrowth of
Candida spp. fungi.
Clinical ndings demonstrated that replacing prosthetic materials with zirconia or porcelain-based products, along
with the use of Anethum graveolens (dill) leaf decoction and extract, effff ectively contributed to the normalization of
oral micro ora.
Conclusions. A three-tier classi cation of oral dysbiosis (Grades I–III) was established, and normative microbiological
indicators were de ned for the adult population of Andijan City. The microbial “landscape” of denture-bearing oral
cavities was characterized. The results substantiate the clinical and preventive eff ectiveness of Anethum graveolens leaf
and decoction use in orthopedic dentistry to enhance treatment planning and predict the outcomes of therapeuticpreventive
interventions.

NASAL SEPTUM DEVIATIONS IN NEWBORNS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

G.K. Babakhanov — 2026-01-21

Background: Nasal septal deviation in newborns represents a signix cant concern in neonatal
otorhinolaryngology, as it may impair nasal breathing, interfere with breastfeeding, and aff ect overall infant development.
Objective: To analyze current literature data on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic methods, and
treatment approaches for nasal septal deviation in newborns.
Methods: A review of domestic and international publications was performed, including original research articles,
systematic reviews, and recent dissertation studies.
Results: Septal deformities may develop both in utero and during childbirth, with consequences manifesting not
only in early infancy but also later as chronic ENT disorders. Advances in diagnostic techniques allow early detection,
while modern therapeutic strategies emphasize gentle and individualized management.
Conclusion: Despite their relatively low prevalence, nasal septal deviations in newborns have considerable clinical
importance, warranting timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment approaches.

THE USE OF ORTHOPEDIC PROSTHESES FOR THE STABILIZATION AND RESTORATION OF PERIODONTITIS IN COMPLEX TREATMENT

F.A. Khusanbaeva — 2026-01-21

The aim of the work is to increase the eff ectiveness of orthopedic treatment of patients suff ering from
periodontal diseases. Orthopedic treatment of periodontal diseases includes the following stages: selective grinding of
teeth; temporary splinting; orthodontic treatment (according to indications); use of permanent splinting devices and
dentures. The goals of splinting include correcting dental defects, stabilizing movable teeth, and eliminating traumatic
occlusion and articulation. Occlusive mouthguards must be used in the dental treatment of periodontal diseases,
including therapeutic, surgical rehabilitation, orthodontist training and the creation of permanent orthopedic structures.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TONAL THRESHOLD AUDIOMETRY INDICATORS IN PATIENTS WITH SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS AND METABOLIC SYNDROME

S.S. Arifov — 2026-01-21

A comparative analysis of tonal threshold audiometry indicators was conducted in 232 patients aged
25-67 years (mean age 47.32±9.24 years) with sensorineural hearing loss and metabolic syndrome. In 67.29% of
patients with sensorineural hearing loss and metabolic syndrome, grade II-III hearing loss prevailed (32.71% and 34.58%,
respectively), while in patients with sensorineural hearing loss without metabolic syndrome, grade II-III hearing loss was
present in 66.67% of cases, but grade II predominated (36.51% and 30.16%, respectively), con[ rming the negative eff ect
of metabolic syndrome on sensorineural hearing loss.

PREVENTION AND THERAPY OF ORAL RADIOMUCOSITIS IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE HEAD AND NECK

N.O. Zaynutdinov — 2026-01-21

The aim of the study was to evaluate the eff ectiveness of using Solcoseryl and Cholisal gel formulations
for the prevention and treatment of oral radiomucositis in patients with malignant tumors of the head and neck.
The study included 108 patients divided into the main group (n = 59) and the control group (n = 49). In the main
group, local application of the gel formulations Solcoseryl and Cholisal was performed during radiotherapy, whereas
the control group used traditional applications of plant oils. The results obtained demonstrated a signi cant reduction
in the incidence and severity of radiomucositis, an increase in the time to its onset, as well as the absence of forced
interruptions in radiotherapy in the main group. Thus, based on the results of this study, gel therapy can be considered
an eff ective and safe method for the prevention and treatment of oral radiomucositis in patients with malignant tumors
of the head and neck.

RESULTS OF ASSESSING THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE NASAL MUCOSA AFTER ELIMINATING NASAL VALVE OBSTRUCTION USING VARIOUS SURGICAL METHODS

J.A. Djuraev — 2026-01-21

To evaluate functional changes - mucociliary clearance, absorption, and secretion properties - in patients
with nasal valve obstruction after various procedures. Methods: Prospective observation of three groups (control group,
Group 1 - minimally invasive procedure, Group 2 - reconstructive surgery). Functional tests were performed 1 day
before the procedure, on the 1st day, and on the 14th day after the procedure. Results: On the 1st day post-procedure,
all indicators in Groups 1 and 2 signi" cantly improved compared to the control group (p<0.001). On the 14th day,
mucociliary clearance in the treatment groups approached or was slightly lower than the control values, while absorption
and secretion indicators maintained statistically signi" cant diff erences. Conclusion: The procedures have a clear shortterm
functional eff ect; additional treatment and long-term follow-up may be required to maintain mucociliary clearance.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC ROLE OF ANEMIA AND INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH RHINOSINUSITIS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS

G.S. Khaydarova — 2026-01-21

Objective: To assess the diff erential-diagnostic value of anemia and in$ ammatory markers in patients with
rhinosinusitis on the background of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). We examined three clinical groups of GPA
patients and a control group with isolated chronic rhinosinusitis. All patients underwent standard ENT examination and
complete blood count; parameters were compared according to disease stage and presence of systemic involvement.
GPA-associated rhinosinusitis was characterized by normocytic anemia, markedly increased erythrocyte sedimentation
rate, reactive leukocytosis and dynamic changes in platelet count, which were signi# cantly more pronounced than
in chronic rhinosinusitis without vasculitis. Combined alterations in hemoglobin level, ESR, leukocytes and platelets
correlated with ANCA positivity and renal involvement and allowed early suspicion of systemic vasculitis. We conclude
that integrated analysis of anemia and in$ ammatory markers represents a simple laboratory tool that helps to distinguish
GPA-related rhinosinusitis from common ENT pathology and should be incorporated into routine diagnostic algorithms.

EARLY LABORATORY INDICATORS OF RENAL INVOLVEMENT IN POLYANGIITIS GRANULOMATOSIS WITH RHINOSINUSITIS

G.S. Khaydarova — 2026-01-21

To evaluate the role of urinary syndrome as an early laboratory marker of renal involvement in patients with
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) presenting with rhinosinusitis. The study included GPA patients with dominant
ENT manifestations and a control group with isolated chronic rhinosinusitis. All participants underwent routine urinalysis;
urine volume, speci# c gravity, pH, leukocyturia, erythrocyturia and proteinuria were analysed in relation to disease
stage and treatment. In the # rst and second GPA groups, asymptomatic microhaematuria, low-grade proteinuria and
leukocyturia were detected in the majority of patients, indicating subclinical glomerular injury long before the onset of
overt nephritic symptoms. After immunosuppressive therapy, urinary parameters in the third group almost normalized,
con# rming the reversibility of early changes. Simple urinalysis with careful interpretation of minimal urinary abnormalities
therefore provides a cheap and sensitive tool for early detection of renal involvement in GPA-related rhinosinusitis and
for timely referral to nephrology

TREATMENT OF MAXILLOFACIAL INJURIES IN PATIENTS WITH COMBINED TRAUMA

S.V. Turakhonov — 2026-01-21

This article analyzes the challenges of treating maxillofacial injuries in patients with combined
(polytraumatic) trauma, highlighting diagnostic and surgical features, as well as the advantages of modern treatment
technologies. The study was conducted at the clinical base of the Tashkent Medical Academy between 2022 and 2024,
involving 68 patients. The results showed that using mini-plate osteosynthesis and an individualized approach reduced
bone healing time by 2.5 weeks, decreased infectious complications by 9.3%, and improved aesthetic outcomes by 17%.
The use of PRP therapy and physiotherapy accelerated soft tissue regeneration by 1.5 times.
The article substantiates the clinical eff ectiveness of a multidisciplinary approach, 3D computed tomography
planning, modern osteosynthesis methods, and rehabilitation techniques.

TREATMENT TACTICS FOR CHRONIC TONSILLITIS IN CHILDREN WITH MARSHALL SYNDROME

X.E. Karabayev — 2026-01-21

Marshall syndrome (PFAPA syndrome) is the most common autoin{ ammatory syndrome of childhood
and is characterized by periodic episodes of fever, pharyngitis, aphthous stomatitis, and cervical lymphadenitis. In recent
years, increasing attention has been paid to the role of chronic tonsillitis and immunological disorders in the pathogenesis
of this syndrome. The aim of the present review is to analyze current data on the therapeutic management of PFAPA
syndrome in children, with particular emphasis on the immunopathogenetic rationale for tonsillectomy. Analysis of the
literature indicates a leading role of cytokine imbalance, primarily interleukin-1β, and a high eff ectiveness of surgical
treatment in carefully selected patients.

TOPICAL ISSUES RELATED TO THE PREVALENCE OF INTINITIS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA

M.B. Tukhtaev — 2026-01-21

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) remains a leading cause of progressive hearing loss, deafness,
and the development of intracranial complications. The purpose of this review is to examine the current prevalence of
tinnitus in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media. The review includes scienti c publications from the past 10
years, published in the international databases E-library, Scopus, and Web of Science. Thus, it can be concluded that the
development of methods for managing patients with tinnitus before and after surgical treatment of chronic suppurative
otitis media are relevant.

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS TYMPANOPLASTY METHODS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA

M.B. Tukhtaev — 2026-01-21

Treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) has long been one of the most complex and
controversial issues in otology. The purpose of this review is to compare various tympanoplasty methods in patients with
chronic suppurative otitis media. The review material includes scienti c publications from the past 10 years, published in
the international databases E-library, Scopus, and Web of Science. Therefore, it can be concluded that the development
of tympanoplasty methods and patient management, taking into account the presence of murmurs before and after
surgical treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media, is relevant.

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ТЕРАПИИ ВИРУС ИНДУЦИРОВАННЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ ГЛОТКИ

X.E. Shaikhova — 2026-01-21

Introduction. Viral infections of the upper respiratory tract represent the dominant etiological group
among acute respiratory diseases (ARD), accounting for 65–75% of cases in the working-age population. Within the
ARD structure, diseases of the pharynx—speci cally acute pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and stomatitis—are associated with a
pronounced local in ammatory response manifested by dysphagia, edema, and hyperemia of the mucosa, which leads
to a signi cant decrease in quality of life and an increase in the temporary disability index.
Objective. To conduct a randomized assessment of the clinical effi cacy and pharmacological safety of Debara-VM
spray (dequalinium chloride 1.25 mg/mL + lidocaine hydrochloride 1.0 mg/mL) compared with conventional therapy
within a strategy to optimize symptomatic treatment of virus-induced pharyngeal pathologies in working-age patients
(18–45 years).
Materials and Methods. A randomized, prospective, parallel-group clinical study included 100 patients (50 per group;
mean age 32.4 ± 7.2 years), randomized in a 1:1 ratio. Diagnoses included acute pharyngitis, tonsillitis, or stomatitis with
veri ed viral etiology (PCRdetection of respiratory viruses). Group 1 (main): Debara-VM spray, 3–6 administrations per
day, 2 doses per administration (maximum 1.2 mL/day) for 7 days. Group 2 (control): ibuprofen 400 mg three times daily
plus gargling with 0.05% chlorhexidine four times daily. Primary outcomes: dynamics of the pharyngoscopic score (scale 0–9 points: hyperemia, edema, exudates) and symptom severity (VAS) on days 1, 3, and 7. Secondary outcomes: ESR,
CRP, and SF-36. Results. In the main group, reduction of the pharyngoscopic score by day 3 was 65% (from 6.8 ± 1.4 to
2.4 ± 1.1; p < 0.001), and by day 7 — 92% (to 0.5 ± 0.7); remission was achieved in 88% of patients. In the control group,
reductions were 42% by day 3 (to 4.0 ± 1.2; p < 0.05) and 70% by day 7 (to 2.1 ± 1.0); remission occurred in 68% (betweengroup
diff erence p < 0.01). No adverse events were reported in either group.
Conclusions. Debara-VM spray is superior to conventional therapy in both the speed and degree of regression of
pharyngoscopic and symptomatic manifestations, providing optimization of outpatient treatment with minimal risks. It
is recommended as a rst-line option in the speci ed patient cohort.

FEATURES OF DIAGNOSING PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDERS IN CHILDREN WITH SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS

S.B. Usmanova — 2026-01-24

Objective of the Study. To determine the clinical and diagnostic criteria for disorders of psychosomatic and neurological status in children with sensorineural hearing loss.
Materials and Methods. A total of 2,550 children aged 0 to 5 years with sensorineural hearing loss were examined. The following were used: general clinical examinations,special studies of psychosomatic status: Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Lüscher Color Test, drawing test/
Results. According to the results of developmental assessment using the Bayley scale, developmental delay was observed in 7% and 10% in groups of children with grade III and IV hearing loss, respectively, and signi cant developmental delay in 0.3% and 0.5%.
The Lüscher test revealed unsatisfactory or crisis conditions in 34% of children. The drawing test showed the use of cold tones in 75% or more of children with stage III and IV hearing loss.
Conclusion. Developmental delays on the Bayley scale developed in 18% of children, with a tendency for developmental impairments to increase with the severity of hearing loss.

RELEVANCE OF CT IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS

V.S. Isachenko — 2026-05-20

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an in ammatory disease aff ecting the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses. To establish the diagnosis of CRS, symptoms must persist for more than 12 weeks. In most cases, CRS does not respond adequately to medical treatment. Symptoms may range from nasal obstruction and facial pressure to complete loss of smell. The etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis is largely unknown but is most likely multifactorial, involving in ammation, infection, and impaired ventilation of the paranasal sinuses. An epidemiological association has been established between the prevalence of chronic
rhinosinusitis and air pollution, smoking (active and passive), perennial allergic rhinitis, and gastroesophageal re ux disease. Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common condition aff ecting approximately 14% of the adult population in the United States. Clinical manifestations include nasal polyps, mucosal edema, and purulent nasal discharge. Radiological evaluation using computed tomography (CT) of the paranasal sinuses may demonstrate mucosal thickening with opaci cation of the air cells.
A common problem encountered in ENT clinics, CRS has a worldwide prevalence ranging from
5% to 12%, occurring more frequently among urban populations. Most patients with CRS, in
both pediatric and adult age groups, are essentially immunocompetent. Because CRS has a
signi cant impact on quality of life, patients seek medical care in desperate need of symptom relief.
Treatment is primarily medical, with surgery reserved for patients with persistent symptoms. Medical therapy includes oral steroids, intranasal steroid administration, and saline nasal irrigation. This treatment should be continued for at least 6 weeks before considering surgical intervention. Over the past three decades, functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has become one of the most popular surgical treatment modalities for chronic rhinosinusitis. Substantial evidence supports the eff ectiveness of FESS when combined with appropriate medical therapy and proper postoperative care. Recent studies have shown that early endoscopic polypectomy in patients with mild disease on CT scoring may improve
surgical outcomes. However, despite the excellent success rates reported in the literature (75–98%), recurrence may occur in some patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis due to associated risk factors, and revision surgery is required in nearly 10–15% of cases. Many factors contribute to FESS failure, including improper patient selection, inadequate preoperative preparation, severe mucosal disease, advanced stage of sinus disease, anatomical variations that were not identi ed or adequately corrected, poor surgical technique, and insuffi cient postoperative care. Revision functional endoscopic sinus surgery (revision FESS) represents a signi cant challenge for the otolaryngologist and requires thorough preoperative assessment of patient anatomy, reassessment of disease severity, and evaluation of
comorbid conditions contributing to symptoms. Computed tomography and nasal endoscopy are considered the best modalities for evaluating anatomical variations and areas of scarring that obstruct natural drainage pathways of each sinus. aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of FESS according to the severity of CRS, with at least 1 year of followup. The study also seeks to further assess various risk factors (such as age, comorbidities, and medication adherence) that may in uence morbidity associated with chronic rhinosinusitis and help improve treatment outcomes. Management of chronic rhinosinusitis can be challenging due to multiple contributing factors (anatomical, environmental, and patient compliance–related) that aff ect treatment effi cacy. Although CRS is a common condition encountered by
otolaryngologists in Bahrain, accurate national prevalence data are lacking. The results of this study may help identify shortcomings in surgical techniques and thereby improve surgical outcomes.

Quality of life assessment based on sf-36 questionnaire in diagnosis of nasty condensation in military servants

O.O. Atoev — 2025-12-31

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in absolute numbers and an increase in their share in the structure of ENT pathology. The purpose of the study is to assess the quality of life based on the SF-36 questionnaire in the diagnosis of nasal congestion in military personnel. As research materials, 80 patients with nasal pathologies (oblique nasal septum and vasomotor tumor) who were treated at Samarkand Military Hospital, Fergana Military Hospital and Central Military Clinical Hospital from 2022 to 2025 were examined. Thus, the study showed that the assessment of the quality of life in military personnel allows to improve the diagnosis and the correct classification of the condition.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of nose condensation in military servants

O.O. Atoev — 2025-12-30

One of the most common complaints among patients who consult an otorhinolaryngologist is difficulty breathing through the nose. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), nasal obstruction is one of the most common causes of impaired airflow through the nasal cavity in 66% of cases, resulting in difficulty breathing through the nose, vasomotor rhinitis accounts for 21% of chronic rhinitis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment in military personnel with nasal congestion. Thus, surgical treatment of nasal congestion in military personnel is important to prevent partial limitation of their quality of life and physical capabilities.

INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INTO COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT DISEASES

V.S. Isachenko — 2026-06-14

This article examines current opportunities for integrating arti cial intelligence (AI) into computed tomography (CT) image analysis in the diagnosis of ENT diseases. Key areas of AI algorithm application are presented, along with their impact on diagnostic accuracy, reduction of image interpretation time, and prospects for clinical practice.

TINNITUS AFTER ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA: PATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL FEATURES, AND MODERN TREATMENT APPROACHES

K.B. Rustambekova — 2026-06-14

Tinnitus (ear noise) is one of the most common residual symptoms after acute otitis media (AOM) and signi cantly reduces patients’ quality of life. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical and pathogenetic mechanisms of tinnitus formation following AOM and to evaluate the eff ectiveness of a comprehensive treatment approach. The study included 96 patients aged 18 to 60 years who had suff ered from AOM and complained of subjective ear noise. All patients underwent otoscopy, pure-tone threshold audiometry, tympanometry, otoacoustic emissions
recording, as well as Doppler ultrasound of the brachiocephalic arteries. Treatment included anti-in ammatory, vascular, neurometabolic therapy and physiotherapeutic methods. The obtained results showed a statistically signi cant reduction
in the severity of tinnitus and improvement in auditory function. A comprehensive pathogenetically based approach is an eff ective method for treating tinnitus after acute otitis media.

EARLY MRI'BASED DIAGNOSIS OF VESTIBULAR SCHWANNOMA IN A PATIENT WITH UNILATERAL TINNITUS AND MILD ASYMMETRIC SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS: A CASE REPORT

S.S. Arifov — 2026-06-14

Objective. To evaluate the clinical signi cance of early referral for MRI in cases of unilateral tinnitus and asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss for timely diagnosis of vestibular schwannoma and preservation of hearing function.
Materials and Methods. A clinical case of a 38-year-old female patient is presented, with complaints of unilateral tinnitus, right-sided hearing loss, and episodic dizziness. The following evaluations were performed: pure-tone audiometry, acoustic immittance testing (tympanometry, acoustic re exes), video head impulse test (vHIT), clinical
vestibular tests (head-shaking, Fukuda stepping test), and MRI of the brain with focus on the internal auditory canal with contrast enhancement. Stereotactic radiosurgery using Gamma Knife was performed. Results. Pure-tone audiometry revealed asymmetric hearing loss: thresholds were 33 dB on the right and 12 dB on
the left. Tympanometry showed type A curves bilaterally; acoustic re exes were absent on the right side. vHIT showed reduced vestibulo-ocular re ex gain on the right (0.48) compared to the left (0.98), with normal expected value around 1.0.
https://doi.org/10.57231/j.ejohns.2025.4.4.020 Vestibular tests demonstrated a left-beating nystagmus after head-shaking and rightward deviation on the Fukuda test. MRI revealed a tumor in the area of the right eighth cranial nerve measuring 2.0×2.2×1.6 cm. Gamma Knife radiosurgery was performed with a dose of 12 Gy to the 55% isodose line. After treatment, hearing was preserved (threshold shift of
5 dB), while tinnitus and episodic dizziness persisted. Conclusion: Unilateral tinnitus in combination with asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss and signs of unilateral
vestibular hypofunction warrants early MRI to exclude vestibular schwannoma. Timely neuroimaging allows initiation of specialized treatment before tumor progression and increases the likelihood of preserving hearing function.

ETIOPATHOGENETIC ASPECTS, CHARACTERISTICS, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT TACTICS OF THE PATULOUS AUDITORY TUBE SYNDROME

L.L. Akhmedov — 2026-06-14

Patulous Eustachian Tube syndrome (PET) is a rare but clinically signi cant disorder characterized by a disruption of the normal closure mechanism of the eustachian tube, leading to pronounced auditory and vestibular disturbances that substantially reduce patients’ quality of life. Despite growing interest in this condition, questions
regarding its etiopathogenesis, objective diagnosis, and optimal management remain controversial. The aim of this study is to systematize current data on the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of PES, analyze its clinical manifestations,
diagnostic methods, and contemporary therapeutic approaches based on the latest scienti c literature. This article presents information on the role of anatomical, neuromuscular, metabolic, and hormonal factors in the development of
PES. Clinical manifestations of the disorder are discussed, including autophony, a sensation of ear fullness, and uctuating hearing. Particular attention is given to instrumental diagnostic methods, such as tympanometry, audiometry, endoscopic
examination of the nasopharynx, and imaging techniques. A comparative evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches is provided, allowing for the formulation of an optimal management strategy for patients with PES.

SURGICAL TREATMENT METHODS FOR CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS IN CHILDREN

Z.Z. Idiyev — 2026-06-14

Our proposed selective surgical method of endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis provides early epithelization of the wound surface, more eff ective sanitation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, compared
to the traditional method, which makes it possible to widely implement it in practical healthcare for children with chronic rhinosinusitis. The proposed method of treating CRS in children gave a positive eff ect in 96.2% of cases versus 79.4% of
patients with traditional therapy (P<0.01).

PREVALENCE AND CAUSES OF OLFACTORY DYSFUNCTION

U.N. Vohidov — 2026-06-14

Olfactory disorders constitute a signiw cant proportion of cases of general anosmia and hyposmia. The aim of this review is to analyze the prevalence and causes of olfactory dysfunction. Materials for the review included articles on olfactory dysfunction published over the last ten years in international databases such as PubMed, Scopus,
and Google Scholar. Thus, the review demonstrates that the etiopathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction is diverse and requires continuous research.

ASSESSMENT OF PERIPHERAL OLFACTORY DYSFUNCTION AFTER VIRAL DISEASES

D.B. Rajabov — 2026-06-14

Recent clinical and epidemiological studies indicate that olfactory disorders are relatively widespread among the population and arise from a variety of causes. The aim of this study was to evaluate peripheral olfactory dysfunction following viral infections. The study included 80 patients with post-viral peripheral olfactory dysfunction
who received treatment at the Republican Specialized Scienti| c and Practical Medical Center of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Diseases during 2024–2025. The results demonstrated that assessment of post-viral olfactory dysfunction using questionnaires in combination with olfactometry improves diagnostic accuracy.

MODERN APPROACHES TO THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS

М.А. Khujabekov — 2026-06-14

Allergy is a pathological form of immunological reactivity, characterized by an abnormal course of the immune response accompanied by damage to the body’s tissues. The aim of this review is to analyze current data on modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis. The materials of the review included articles on
allergic rhinitis published over the past 10 years in international databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Thus, the review demonstrated that assessing allergic rhinitis according to its clinical course and severity allows for the
appropriate selection of treatment strategy.

RESULTS OF MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC TONSILLITIS ON THE BACKGROUND OF DENTAL CARIES

N.Kh. Khodjaeva — 2026-06-14

It is very important to study the pathogenetic links between chronic tonsillitis and dental caries, to assess their impact on the immune system, since dental caries causes an increase in the number of pathogenic microorganisms in the oral cavity, which leads to an exacerbation of tonsillitis. The aim of the study was to analyze the results of microbiological examination in patients with chronic tonsillitis on the background of dental caries. The study materials were patients with dental caries aged 18 to 65 years who were treated with chronic tonsillitis in the department of “Otorhinolaryngology” of the Multidisciplinary Clinic of the Tashkent Medical Academy during 2022-2024.
Thus, in conclusion, as a result of microbiological examination of patients with chronic tonsillitis against the background of dental caries, it was found that S.pyogenes 69.6%, S.aureus 27.8%, S.viridans 13.1% were most often found, and when studying the association of microbes, the associations S.pyogenes+S.viridans, S.aureus+S.viridans, S.pyogenes+H. parainX uenzae, S.pyogenes+S.aureus were found.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF TYMPANOSCLEROSE IN CHILDREN

F.N. Nazirov — 2026-06-14

Active study of tympanosclerosis has allowed to clarify many aspects of its pathogenesis and determine the tactics of surgical treatment of patients suff ering from this disease. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the
eff ectiveness of surgical treatment of tympanosclerosis in children. The study material was formed by children diagnosed with adenoid vegetation. The study showed that a single-stage surgical intervention is appropriate for improving hearing in children with tympanosclerosis, including removal of pathological { ndings from the middle ear cavity, mobilization of intact elements, the sound-conducting chain, and reconstruction of the ossicular chain and tympanic membrane, which allows achieving positive morphofunctional results in 72% of cases.